To be listed as an author, individuals must meet all four core criteria: (1) substantial contributions to the conception, design, or data analysis/interpretation of the study; (2) drafting or critically revising the manuscript for important intellectual content; (3) final approval of the version to be published; and (4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work. General supervision, funding acquisition, data collection, or proofreading alone do not qualify for authorship and should be credited in the Acknowledgements section.

We strictly prohibit unethical practices, including gift/honorary authorship (listing unqualified senior figures), guest authorship, ghost authorship (omitting actual contributors), and coercive authorship. Furthermore, generative AI tools cannot be credited as authors. Violations will be handled under our Research Misconduct Policy in accordance with COPE standards.

All multi-authored submissions must include a Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) statement on the title page. Every listed author must have contributed to at least one writing role (Original Draft or Review & Editing) alongside their other specific methodological or conceptual contributions.

Example: "[Author 1]: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft. [Author 2]: Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing."

Author ordering must be a joint decision agreed upon prior to submission. For manuscripts derived from student theses, the student should typically be the first author. Authors must provide full names, affiliations, institutional emails, and ORCID iDs. This information must precisely match the metadata entered into the OJS system.

Any additions, deletions, or rearrangements of author names after submission require written approval from all original and newly proposed authors, subject to evaluation by the Editor. Jurnal SWARA does not adjudicate authorship disputes; any unresolved conflicts will pause the review or publication process and be referred to the authors' affiliated institutions for investigation following COPE flowcharts.