A conflict of interest arises when professional objectivity is potentially compromised by secondary interests. These include financial stakes (funding, grants, consulting fees), institutional affiliations, personal relationships (family, rivalries, supervisory roles), and academic commitments (evaluating one's own students, curriculum, or institution).

Authors must declare any financial or non-financial interests from the past three years in a formal Disclosure Statement. Researcher-participant dynamics (e.g., studying one's own students) must be explicitly addressed in the Methodology section. To maintain double-anonymous review, conflicts should be anonymized within the manuscript text (e.g., "[Funder name removed for peer review]") but detailed fully on the separate title page. If no conflict exists, authors must state: "No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."

Reviewers must immediately decline an invitation if they recognize the authors, share an institutional affiliation, have collaborated within the past three years, or possess any financial or personal ties to the research. Reviewers are strictly prohibited from using unpublished manuscript data for personal advantage or coercing authors into unnecessary self-citations.

Editors must recuse themselves from handling any manuscript where a conflict exists. If an editor or editorial board member submits a manuscript to Jurnal SWARA, it is assigned to an independent editor. The author-editor will be completely excluded from the peer-review and decision-making process. The publisher guarantees that commercial or institutional considerations will never influence editorial decisions.